You can see that TCP/IP is not involved in the bottom two layers of the OSI model (data link and physical) but begins in the network layer, where the Internet Protocol (IP) resides. Before that, I take a quick look at the TCP/IP protocols and how they relate to each other, and show a rough mapping to the OSI layers.įigure 2.1 shows the basic elements of the TCP/IP family of protocols. I do that in a little more detail later in this chapter. You can overlay the TCP/IP programs on this model to give you a rough idea of where all the TCP/IP layers reside. TCP/IP was designed with layers as well, although they do not correspond one-to-one with the OSI-RM layers. In the first chapter, you saw that the OSI Reference Model is composed of seven layers.
Using the term TCP/IP usually refers to one or more protocols within the family, not just TCP and IP. It is a catch-all name for a family of protocols that use a similar behavior. A communications protocol should handle errors in transmission, manage the routing and delivery of data, and control the actual transmission by the use of predetermined status signals. TCP/IP provides a method for transferring information from one machine to another.
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Although the name TCP/IP implies that the entire scope of the product is a combination of two protocolsTransmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocolthe term TCP/IP refers not to a single entity combining two protocols, but a larger set of software programs that provides network services such as remote logins, remote file transfers, and electronic mail. Just what is TCP/IP? As you saw on Day 1, it is a software-based communications protocol used in networking. Then, as the details of each protocol are discussed individually, they can be placed in the broader outline more easily, thereby leading to a more complete understanding in the next two chapters. Berkeley UNIX Implementations and TCP/IPīefore proceeding into a considerable amount of detail about TCP/IP, the Internet, and the Internet Protocol (IP), it is worthwhile to try to complete a quick outline of TCP/IP.
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